{"id":2881,"date":"2024-01-18T14:44:15","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T14:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.dlaboratory.com\/?p=2881"},"modified":"2024-01-18T14:44:17","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T14:44:17","slug":"blogg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/sv\/blogg\/","title":{"rendered":"Stora fl\u00f6den av reaktiv effekt – eln\u00e4tets nygamla utmaning"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Stora<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dagens utveckling mot mer f\u00f6rnybar energi och st\u00f6rre andel markledning inneb\u00e4r en utmaning f\u00f6r eln\u00e4ten. Ett \u00f6kat fl\u00f6de av reaktiv effekt, som bara tar upp plats i eln\u00e4tet, beh\u00f6ver hanteras. Kompenseringar kan g\u00f6ras men d\u00e5 kr\u00e4vs att man har bra koll p\u00e5 fl\u00f6dena i n\u00e4tet. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Utbyggnaden av elproduktion fr\u00e5n f\u00f6rnybara energik\u00e4llor, och d\u00e5 i synnerhet fr\u00e5n vind och sol, har de senaste decennierna tilltagit ordentligt f\u00f6r att bidra till energisystemets omst\u00e4llning. Samtidigt har man, f\u00f6r att st\u00e4rka leveranss\u00e4kerheten, bytt ut friledningar i distributionsn\u00e4ten till f\u00f6rm\u00e5n f\u00f6r markkablar efter bl.a. stormen Gudruns f\u00f6r\u00f6dande konsekvenser. Dessa \u00e5tg\u00e4rder \u2013 positiva som de \u00e4r f\u00f6r milj\u00f6n och kunderna \u2013 medf\u00f6r att det kommer in ett \u00f6kat fl\u00f6de av reaktiv effekt i v\u00e5ra n\u00e4t, och p\u00e5 nya s\u00e4tt \u00e4n tidigare, som beh\u00f6ver hanteras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reaktiv effekt kallas ibland i \u00e4ldre litteratur \u201donyttig kraft\u201d (en sanning med viss modifikation d\u00e5 t.ex. asynkronmaskiner f\u00f6rbrukar reaktiv effekt). Reaktiva effektfl\u00f6den tar upp plats i eln\u00e4tet och l\u00e4mnar mindre utrymme f\u00f6r aktiv effekt\u00f6verf\u00f6ring \u2013 vilket \u00e4r den effekt som majoriteten av laster p\u00e5 eln\u00e4tet f\u00f6rbrukar. Man kan lite slarvigt j\u00e4mf\u00f6ra fenomenet effekt med ett glas \u00f6l. Sj\u00e4lva \u00f6len \u00e4r den aktiva effekten man vill \u00e5t, och skummet \u00e4r den reaktiva effekten man bara f\u00e5r leva med, men som \u00e4nd\u00e5 tar plats i glaset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det finns, och har l\u00e4nge funnits, l\u00f6sningar p\u00e5 detta problem, n\u00e4mligen faskompensering. Reaktiv effekt \u00e4r rent fysikaliskt ett m\u00e5tt p\u00e5 hur \u201dur fas\u201d sinusv\u00e5gorna f\u00f6r v\u00e4xelsp\u00e4nning och v\u00e4xelstr\u00f6m \u00e4r. Och beroende p\u00e5 om str\u00f6mmen ligger f\u00f6re eller efter sp\u00e4nningen har man ett n\u00e4t som domineras av laster som \u00e4r kapacitiva (genererar reaktiv effekt) respektive induktiva (drar reaktiv effekt). Faskompensering handlar allts\u00e5 om att kompensera med komponenter som kan tillf\u00f6ra antingen induktiv (t ex synkronmaskin p\u00e5 tomg\u00e5ng eller shuntreaktor) eller kapacitiv (t ex kondensatorbatteri) effekt, s\u00e5 att n\u00e4tets effektfaktor (cos \u03d5) kommer s\u00e5 n\u00e4ra 1 som m\u00f6jligt \u2013 m.a.o. f\u00e5r man en s\u00e5 liten andel reaktiv effekt som m\u00f6jligt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r att \u00e5stadkomma adekvat faskompensering \u00e4r dimensionering av kondensatorbatterier a och o. Och f\u00f6r bra dimensionering kr\u00e4vs att man har koll p\u00e5 vilka reaktiva effektfl\u00f6den som f\u00f6rekommer p\u00e5 n\u00e4tet, och hur omfattande de \u00e4r. Traditionellt har behovet av kompensering med kondensatorer varit st\u00f6rst, men nu med st\u00f6rre andel markkabel (som i sig har kondensatorlika egenskaper) \u00e4r situationen p\u00e5 m\u00e5nga h\u00e5ll den omv\u00e4nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e5rt eln\u00e4t \u00e4r i st\u00e4ndig f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring, och det blir allt viktigare att vi f\u00e5r en tydlig \u00f6verblick \u00f6ver hur eln\u00e4tet m\u00e5r. Vi beh\u00f6ver samla in data \u00f6ver hur elkvaliteten faktiskt \u00e4r, s\u00e5 att vi exempelvis kan kalibrera faskompensering adekvat. Vi beh\u00f6ver arbeta mer proaktivt med att f\u00f6rutse vilka \u00e5tg\u00e4rder som kommer kr\u00e4vas inte bara nu, utan \u00e4ven i framtiden f\u00f6r att kunna bibeh\u00e5lla god elkvalitet och leveranss\u00e4kerhet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dagens utveckling mot mer f\u00f6rnybar energi och st\u00f6rre andel markledning inneb\u00e4r en utmaning f\u00f6r eln\u00e4ten. Ett \u00f6kat fl\u00f6de av reaktiv effekt, som bara tar upp plats i eln\u00e4tet, beh\u00f6ver hanteras. Kompenseringar kan g\u00f6ras men d\u00e5 kr\u00e4vs att man har bra koll p\u00e5 fl\u00f6dena i n\u00e4tet.  Utbyggnaden av elproduktion fr\u00e5n f\u00f6rnybara energik\u00e4llor, och d\u00e5 i synnerhet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"wp-custom-template-blogg-post","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogg"],"yoast_head":"\nStora fl\u00f6den av reaktiv effekt – eln\u00e4tets nygamla utmaning - dlab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Eln\u00e4tets nygamla utmaning med kompenseringar och insikt om n\u00e4tets fl\u00f6den, f\u00f6r att hantera reaktiv effekt vid \u00f6kat fl\u00f6de av f\u00f6rnybar energi.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/sv\/blogg\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stora fl\u00f6den av reaktiv effekt – eln\u00e4tets nygamla utmaning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Eln\u00e4tets nygamla utmaning med kompenseringar och insikt om n\u00e4tets fl\u00f6den, f\u00f6r att hantera reaktiv effekt vid \u00f6kat fl\u00f6de av f\u00f6rnybar energi.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/sv\/blogg\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"dlab\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-18T14:44:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-18T14:44:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/x1000w-eiaohyynaap7gvwzjfvz.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"556\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"matildasikora\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Skriven av\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"matildasikora\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Ber\u00e4knad l\u00e4stid\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuter\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/sv\/blogg\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/sv\/blogg\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"matildasikora\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dlaboratory.com\/sv\/#\/schema\/person\/bdb138467531a7e5343e9e112bc9ce15\"},\"headline\":\"Stora fl\u00f6den av reaktiv effekt – eln\u00e4tets nygamla utmaning\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-18T14:44:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-18T14:44:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/sv\/blogg\/\"},\"wordCount\":555,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.dlaboratory.com\/sv\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/sv\/blogg\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/x1000w-eiaohyynaap7gvwzjfvz.webp\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blogg\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sv-SE\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/sv\/blogg\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dlaboratory.com\/sv\/blogg\/\",\"name\":\"Stora fl\u00f6den av reaktiv effekt – eln\u00e4tets nygamla utmaning - 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